Which statement about the central dogma is correct?

• A. Replication of DNA is described as separate from transcription and translation.
• B. Transcription into RNA is the only process.
• C. Translation occurs without RNA.
• D. DNA replication is the same as transcription.

Answer: (A)

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, and DNA replication is a separate process from gene expression. Copying DNA for inheritance (replication) uses different machinery than making RNA from DNA (transcription) or building proteins from RNA (translation). While transcription and translation handle the expression of genes, replication is about duplicating the genetic material for cell division, not about producing RNA or protein. In this sense, replication is described as distinct from the transcription and translation steps that relay information into functional products. The other statements mix up roles—for example, transcription is not the only process that uses DNA information, translation requires RNA, and DNA replication is not the same process as transcription.